Read the full article here.
(AJPA post 1/3)
GWHEG figure
Friday, April 27, 2018
Non Potluck: aDNA study of pre-Hispanic South American populations
Read the full article here.
(AJPA post 1/3)
Non Potluck: Anthropogenic pressures and the loss of species genetic diversity
Humans have been known to drastically alter the environment
that they are in and this usually has a negative impact for native species
living in the area. A recent study sought to examine changes in genetic
diversity within two species of gorillas, whose habitats have been altered due
to human activity. Using both museum and modern fecal samples, they looked at
over 100 complete mitochondrial genomes. The results showed that there was a
significant decline in haplotype and nucleotide diversity when comparing modern
samples to the historic ones. Furthermore, this decline in diversity has been
attributed to the loss of the peripheral populations (ones most impact by
anthropogenic pressures) rather than the core range of the species. This study
shows the importance of species conservation and preservation as it has been
studied that genetic diversity is important for a species long-term survival
and with the genetic diversity of gorilla’s declining, it makes it all the more
vital for increase conservation efforts.
The article can be found in Nature here
Sam
(Nature review 3/3)
Non Potluck: A Systems approach to Understanding gut microbial in relation to colon cancer
Previous studies on the human microbiome (the collective genomes
of the microbiota) have shown that gut dysbiosa (imbalance) is associated with
increased incidences of colon cancer. However, there is still a lot of unknown
about the correlation between the two. A new data drive- computational approach
has been taken to better understand the gene-environment interaction in
carcinogenesis to find the possibility of colon cancer (CRC) diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention. Data was pulled for CRC associated genes from three
databases and also from Molecular
signature databases. While there were
some limitations to this study, the data
driven computational method was used to
show association. For instance, a disease name or a list of associates genes
are inputted and the output is a resulting list of associated microbial
metabolites. It’s an interesting start for micro biome-gene interaction.
The article from Nature can be found here
Sam
(Nature review 2/3)
Non Potluck: Adaption to unfavorable conditions
The Maipo River in Chile is considered to be highly
polluted. Within the river lives a species of fish known as Basilichthys
microlepidotus in which different
populations occupy either polluted or non polluted areas of the river. A study
was done to investigate if environmental pollution is related to phenotypic or
genotypic selection. To find this, a transcriptomics approach based on RNA seq
was used to determine differentially expressed genes from the populations
living in polluted areas versus non polluted areas. The results showed that in
one population from a polluted site there was an unregulated gene found related
to suppression and progression of tumors, while in another population from a
polluted site there was an unregulated gene related to function of apoptotic
was over expressed. These results showed a plastic response in expression due
to anthropogenic pollution.
The article from Nature can be found here
Sam
(Nature review 1/3)
Non Putluck Post- Carly Johnson #3
Ageing-associated DNA methylation dynamics are a molecular readout of lifespan variation among mammalian species
Mammals have a wide and varied lifespan, but recent studies have established ageing- associated differently methylated positions in human and mouse. After studying mammals such as a mouse, human and whale that vary greatly in size and lifespan and determining an association, they tested the theory on dogs, in which this is not the case. In all, this study identified six negative relationships between rate of change of methylation levels a DMPs and lifespans, this study is hopeful that aDMPS will be a sound molecular tool for out future understanding of the biological factors that determine lifespan in mammals.
Robert Lowe†Email author,
Carl Barton†,
Christopher A. Jenkins,
Christina Ernst
Oliver Forman,
Denise S. Fernandez-Twinn,
Christoph Bock,
Stephen J. Rossiter,
Chris G. Faulkes,
Susan E. Ozanne,
Lutz Walter,
Duncan T. Odom,
Cathryn Mellersh and
Vardhman K. RakyanEmail author
†Contributed equally
Genome
Biology201819:22
© The
Author(s). 2018
Received: 27 September 2017
Accepted: 19 January 2018
Published: 16 February 2018
Non Potluck Post 2 Carly Johnson
Non Potluck Post 2 Carly
Johnson
Glioblastoma
multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive tumors to the central
nervous system, giving the afflicted patients on average only about 5
year survival rate and only 5% recovery prognosis. This paper highlights a
new view into the treatment of gliblastoma tumors, by using cultured
neural stem cells in the mammalian CNS. This study hopes for the invention
of novel therapeutic targets and pathways for GBM based on the development
of single cell-transcription and epigenmone analysis by way of epigenmonic
change delineation associated with GMB tumors.
Bing Yao,
Peng Jin
Genome
Biology201819:51
© The Author(s). 2018
Published: 10 April 2018
Journal update 3/3: DNA mass spectrometry to improve sensitivity of newborn screening for Fabry disease.
Fabry disease is likely to cause mortality in many female
carriers. The aim of this study was to develop an improved cost-effective
screening method that would be able to detect Fabry disease among female
newborns. Their study found
that the Agena iPLEX assay
is powerful for detecting females with Fabry disease. With this study, they
were able to detect many disease-onset adult family members who were originally
undiagnosed for Fabry disease and the screening for this study helped them to
receive treatment in time before severe and irreversible cardiac damage
occurred.
Link: here
Joanne
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